PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.